LCH Publications

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The Lodz Cyber Hub publications reflect the research of our team, which brings together public international law, internet governance, cybersecurity and human rights. Our analyses reach practitioners, international institutions and the academic community. The list covers the period since the Centre was established in 2021.

Highlights

Latest publication · Sprawy Międzynarodowe, 2026

Two Frameworks, One Threat: Securitisation, Corporate Power, and the Future of International Cybersecurity Governance

Securitisation, the role of private actors and the future of international cybersecurity governance.

The UN and cybersecurity · Internet Policy Review, 2026

When law finally arrives, technology already moved on: Launching UN Global Mechanism on Cybersecurity

Commentary on the launch of the UN Global Mechanism on cybersecurity.

Report · SSIGIL 2026

Twenty-Five Minutes to Midnight: The Accountability Gap

Report prepared for the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) 2026 in Nairobi.

Open access monograph · University of Łódź Press, 2025

Global Governance of Low Earth Orbit Satellites

J. Kulesza, B. Akcali Gur (eds.), 218 pp.

Impact on international law

Due Diligence in International Law

A monograph widely cited in the work of the UN International Law Commission (doc. A/CN.4/792).

Scholarly publications

Forthcoming

• Kulesza, J., Tackling Disinformation in Europe: Co-Regulation Through the DSA, National Laws, and Strategic Initiatives, in: R. J. Krotoszynski Jr., A. Koltay, B. Török, E. Laidlaw (eds.), Platform Regulation and Freedom of Expression in the United States and Europe: Across the Great Divide, ch. 21, Oxford University Press 2027.
• Kulesza, J., Diving Deep and Rising High: Subsea Cable and Satellite Communications Systems and the Public Core, in: D. Broeders, A. Sukumar (eds.), Protecting the Internet's Core: Critical Internet Protocols and Infrastructure in the Crosshairs of Geopolitics, MIT Press 2027.
• Kulesza, J., Domain names, in: P. Torremans, I. Stamatoudi, P. K. Yu, B. J. Jütte (eds.), Elgar Encyclopedia of Intellectual Property Law, Edward Elgar 2026.
• Kulesza, J., Blocking orders, in: P. Torremans, I. Stamatoudi, P. K. Yu, B. J. Jütte (eds.), Elgar Encyclopedia of Intellectual Property Law, Edward Elgar 2026.
• Kulesza, J., Cybersquatting, in: P. Torremans, I. Stamatoudi, P. K. Yu, B. J. Jütte (eds.), Elgar Encyclopedia of Intellectual Property Law, Edward Elgar 2026.

2026

• Kulesza, J., Two Frameworks, One Threat: Securitisation, Corporate Power, and the Future of International Cybersecurity Governance, Sprawy Międzynarodowe, vol. 79, no. 2, 2026, pp. 211-234.
• Kulesza, J., When law finally arrives, technology already moved on: Launching UN Global Mechanism on Cybersecurity, Internet Policy Review, 21 April 2026.
• Kulesza, J., Tikk, E., Rules for virtual worlds: reconciling contexts and perspectives, in: R. Neuvonen, J. Viljanen (eds.), Real Rights in the Virtual World: Human Rights in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality, ch. 10, Edward Elgar 2026.
• Kulesza, J., Bonsall, J. (eds.), Twenty-Five Minutes to Midnight: The Accountability Gap, SSIGIL 2026 report, Lodz Cyber Hub 2026.

2025

• Global Governance of Low Earth Orbit Satellites, J. Kulesza, B. Akcali Gur (eds.), 218 pp., University of Łódź Press 2025.
• Kulesza, J., Europe's Regulatory Sovereignty in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Human-Centric Response to the US-China Technological Rivalry, Sprawy Międzynarodowe (International Affairs), vol. 78, no. 4, 2025.
• Akcali Gur, B., Kulesza, J., The EU's dual policy dilemma: Orbital sustainability and digital autonomy policies intertwined, Space Policy, 2025, DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2025.101731.
• Kulesza, J., Akcali Gur, B., Developing a Cybersecurity Policy for Low Earth Orbit Satellite Broadband: An International Law Perspective, in: J. Kulesza, B. Akcali Gur (eds.), Global Governance of Low Earth Orbit Satellites, pp. 101-123, University of Łódź Press 2025.
• Kulesza, J., Rules of the Road: International Law Guiding State Behaviour in Cyberspace, in: A. Salvi, H. Tiirmaa-Klaar, J. Andrew Lewis (eds.), A Handbook for the Practice of Cyber Diplomacy, pp. 153-159, European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) 2025.
• Kulesza, J., Privacy and data protection, in: R. Balleste, G. Doucet, M. L. D. Hanlon (eds.), A Research Agenda for Cybersecurity Law and Policy, pp. 173-188, Edward Elgar 2025.
• Kulesza, J., Kulesza, J., Poland, in: E. Heinze (ed.), Criminalising Hate Speech: A Comparative Study, pp. 333-341, Springer 2025.

2024

• Akcali Gur, B., Kulesza, J., Equitable access to satellite broadband services: Challenges and opportunities for developing countries, Telecommunications Policy, 2024.
• Kulesza, J., Settlement of Inter-State Data Disputes, in: N. Tsagourias, R. Buchan, D. Franchini (eds.), The Peaceful Settlement of Inter-State Cyber Disputes, Bloomsbury 2024.
• Kulesza, J., Human Rights and Social Media: Challenges and Opportunities for Human Rights Education, in: A. Mihr, C. Pierobon (eds.), Polarization, Shifting Borders and Liquid Governance. Studies on Transformation and Development in the OSCE Region, pp. 139-154, Springer 2024.
• Kulesza, J., Application of International Law in Cyberspace, Scientific and Practical Cyber Security Journal, 2024, ISSN 2587-4667.
• Kulesza, J., Two sides of the same coin? Future of the internet and sustainable development, Issue Brief, European University Institute 2024.
• Kulesza, J., Coco, A., Yang, F., Leng, X., Due Diligence: Working Paper, EUISS 2024.
• Van Benthem, T., Kulesza, J., Liu, Y., Sun, N., Jurisdiction in cyberspace, Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP) 2024.
• Kulesza, J., Mazzonelli, F., The Accountability Dilemma: Civilian Cyber Vigilantism and International Law, EUISS 2024.
• Kulesza, J., Akcali Gur, B., Resilient Connectivity: SpaceX's Stellar Solution for Gaza's Internet Amid Conflict, EUISS 2024.
• Kulesza, J., Burdiak, P., Countering Disinformation on Social Media Platforms: Developments in the EU and Poland, Mediaforum: Analytics, Forecasts, Information Management, 2024.

2023

• Kulesza, J., Freedom of the Press and Press Regulation in Poland, in: P. Wragg, A. Koltay (eds.), Global Perspectives on Press Regulation, vol. 1: Europe, pp. 135-154, Bloomsbury 2023.
• Akcali Gur, B., Kulesza, J., Activated! Public dissent, internet access and satellite broadband, Internet Policy Review, vol. 12, 2023.
• Kulesza, J., Ukraine cyber war one year on: an international law case study, EUISS 2023.
• Kulesza, J., Należyta staranność a cyberbezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne organizacji (in Polish), in: P. Dziuba (ed.), CyberEXPERT 2022. Zagrożenia wewnętrzne bezpieczeństwa zasobów informacyjnych w organizacji, pp. 91-105, Military University of Technology 2023.

2022

• Kulesza, J., Free speech, artistic expression and blasphemy laws within the ECHR margin of appreciation, in: S. Goźdź-Roszkowski, G. Pontrandolfo (eds.), Law, Language and the Courtroom. Legal Linguistics and the Discourse of Judges, pp. 1-13, Routledge 2022.
• Kulesza, J., Privacy, in: L. A. Schintler, C. L. McNeely (eds.), Encyclopedia of Big Data, Springer 2022.
• Kulesza, J., Cybersecurity, in: L. A. Schintler, C. L. McNeely (eds.), Encyclopedia of Big Data, pp. 250-254, Springer 2022.
• Kulesza, J., Akt o usługach cyfrowych i transgraniczna ochrona konsumentów: implikacje międzynarodowo-prawne (in Polish), in: M. Namysłowska, K. Podgórski, E. Sługocka-Krupa (eds.), Wyzwania dla prawa konsumenckiego w wymiarze globalnym, regionalnym i lokalnym, pp. 121-134, Warsaw 2022.
• Kulesza, J., Kulesza, J., Criminalisation of Hate Speech, in: B. Lewaszkiewicz-Petrykowska, D. Skupień (eds.), Rapports Polonais. XXIe Congrès International de Droit Comparé, Asunción 23-28 X 2022, University of Łódź Press 2022.
• Kulesza, J., Peaceful Settlement of Interstate Online Disputes, Laws, vol. 11, no. 3, 2022.
• Kulesza, J., Human Rights Due Diligence, William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal, vol. 30, no. 2, 2022, pp. 265-289.

2021

• Kulesza, J., Weber, R., Protecting the Internet with international law, Computer Law & Security Review, vol. 40, 2021.
• Kulesza, J., Current Issues in European Cybersecurity: The NIS Directive, Due Diligence and International Law, in: E. Schweighofer et al. (eds.), Cybergovernance, pp. 281-291, Weblaw 2021.

The publications listed result from the Centre's project-based work, which enables cooperation with a group of distinguished experts and researchers according to their specialisation.

Expert commentaries

2025

• Kulesza, J., When Space Becomes Infrastructure: Governance Challenges in Record-Breaking Week for Satellites, CircleID, 2025.
• Kulesza, J., Digital Sovereignty in a Fragmenting Internet: What Role Should WSIS+20 Play?, CircleID, 2025.
• Kulesza, J., Breaking Ground: Historic Launch of UN Global Mechanism for Cyberspace Governance, CircleID, 2025.
• Kulesza, J., Polish Presidential Veto Threatens Starlink Continuity in Ukraine, CircleID, 2025.
• Kulesza, J., The Public Interest and the Root: Why the Next Round Demands a Public Law Approach to DNS Governance, CircleID, 2025.
• Kulesza, J., Sovereignty at the Edge of Space: India, Pakistan, and the Starlink Dilemma over Data Access, Opinio Juris, 2025.
• Kulesza, J., When Sky Falls: Falcon 9 over Poland and International Space Law Implications (also in Polish: Gdy kosmos spada na Ziemię: Falcon 9 nad Polską a prawo kosmiczne), Pułaski Policy Papers, 2025.
• Kulesza, J., Cyber Diplomacy in Action: EU and Partners Deliver a UN Permanent Mechanism for Responsible State Behaviour and International Law in Cyberspace (also in Polish: Cyberdyplomacja w działaniu: UE i partnerzy tworzą Stały Mechanizm ONZ celem stosowania prawa międzynarodowego w cyberprzestrzeni), Pułaski Policy Papers, 2025.
• Kulesza, J., The Potsdam Call on Autonomous Weapon Systems: Implications for Poland and International Security (also in Polish: Apel Poczdamski w sprawie autonomicznych systemów uzbrojenia: znaczenie dla Polski i bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego), Pułaski Policy Papers, 2025.

Books

• Global Governance of Low Earth Orbit Satellites, J. Kulesza, B. Akcali Gur (eds.) (2025), 218 pp., open access
• Due Diligence in International Law, J. Kulesza (2016)
• Cybersecurity and Human Rights in the Age of Cyberveillance, J. Kulesza, R. Balleste (2015)
• Należyta staranność w prawie międzynarodowym (in Polish), J. Kulesza (2013)
• International Internet Law, J. Kulesza (2012)
• Międzynarodowe prawo Internetu (in Polish), J. Kulesza (2010)
• Ius internet. Między prawem a etyką (in Polish), J. Kulesza (2010)

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